Author: Shane Booth
Created: April 2026
Reference: This is a recent simple video explaining printing.
Overview
This document provides a comparison of darkroom printing paper types, focusing on resin-coated (RC) and fibre-based (FB) papers, and their impact on image quality, processing, and longevity.
Photographic paper, coated with a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion, records images when exposed to light and developed chemically. The paper’s structure, particularly the base and coating, affects image tone, contrast, durability, processing requirements, and archival quality.
RC paper has a plastic core sealed between layers, preventing chemical absorption. FB paper has a traditional paper base coated with a baryta layer and emulsion, allowing chemicals to penetrate the fibres.
- RC paper develops and washes quickly, dries flat, and absorbs chemicals minimally, making it ideal for test prints and contact sheets.
- FB paper requires longer washing times, careful drying, and flattening, and absorbs chemicals deeply, making it suitable for final exhibition prints.
RC paper’s durability during processing is due to its plastic coating, which resists tearing and handling damage.
FB paper is more delicate when wet and prone to surface damage, so careful technique is needed.
Image Quality and Aesthetic Differences
Modern emulsions can produce similar tonal ranges on both papers, but there are subtle differences:
- FB Paper
-
- Greater perceived depth and tonal richness
- Slight texture due to fibre base
- Preferred for fine art presentation
- RC Paper
- Cleaner, more uniform surface
- Slightly less depth in blacks (perceived)
- Consistency and repeatability
Skilled printers can achieve comparable results on both types, but differences are often only apparent under close inspection.
Archival Properties
Archival longevity is a major point of distinction:
- FB Paper
- Considered the archival standard
- Proven long-term stability when processed correctly
- RC Paper
- More dependent on synthetic coatings and stabilisers
- Longevity still debated among conservators
As a result, FB paper is typically chosen for museum and gallery prints.
Cost and Practical Considerations
- RC paper is generally cheaper and more efficient, while FB paper is more expensive due to material and processing time.
Many photographers adopt a hybrid workflow: RC for testing and FB for final output.
Contrast Control: Graded vs Variable Contrast Papers
Beyond base type, papers differ in contrast control:
- Graded Paper
- Fixed contrast level (Grade 0–5)
- Requires selection of paper grade per image
- Variable Contrast (Multigrade) Paper
- Contrast controlled using filters during exposure
- Offers flexibility within a single paper type.
Variable contrast papers are popular because they adapt to printing workflows.
Surface Finishes and Image Character
Paper surface affects visual perception:
- Glossy: High contrast, sharpness, deep blacks, bright highlights.
- Matte: Reduced glare, softer tonal transitions.
- Lustre/Satin: Intermediate characteristics.
Contemporary Practice and Hybrid Approaches
Modern darkroom practitioners often combine materials. It is not necessarily a case of using one or the other:
- RC paper: Proofing, learning, high-volume printing.
- FB paper: Exhibition prints, archival work, fine art.